![]() To suggest additions or updates to this matrix, please contact. ![]() The studies were identified through a combination of periodic systematic literature search and other methods. The HHRAs presented here meet the following criteria: 1) address the hazards and risks of third-generation artificial turf using styrene-butadiene crumb rubber infill or relevant comparisons 2) are from peer-reviewed scholarly journals or public health or regulatory agencies with internal or external reviewers 3) provide ample justification for the methods, data sources, and assumptions used and 4) are in the English language. To assist knowledge users in finding the most reputable sources of artificial turf information, we have compiled a table of the most recent HHRAs make meaningful contributions to the ongoing discussion on artificial turf. Finally, it is important to build relevant comparisons into the assessment, such that the knowledge user is able to understand how the results relate to other common exposures or activities. In addition, because all HHRAs rely on a certain degree of expert judgement to account for unavoidable data gaps, it is critical for authors to fully describe the sources and limitations of the data used, and the methods or assumptions used to carry out the analysis. The term “risk assessment” is used somewhat loosely in the grey and scientific literature, and so it is important to distinguish between those studies presenting preliminary or informal risk assessments versus those providing a much more rigorous analysis using standard methods and practices. However, the quality of an individual HHRA is highly reliant on the knowledge and rigor applied to the process. This process is necessary to distinguish between hazard (the presence of something harmful) and risk (the likelihood of being affected). Unlike individual studies that look at the toxic components of crumb rubber, or how much of that toxic component is released, HHRAs follow a multi-step process in which the hazard (amount of toxicant released) is examined in relation to how or whether humans are exposed and whether adverse effects are in fact probable or possible at that exposure level. An HHRA is a systematic, evidence-based process through which the potential for future adverse health effects can be estimated (as a probability) or characterized (identified or eliminated as a health concern). This innovative road surface is anticipated to last longer, be stronger and more durable while also offering environmental benefits and the potential to lower maintenance costs as it will have less rutting and cracking.Public concern regarding the potential toxicological effects of exposure to artificial turf pitches has led to the publication of numerous human health risk assessments (HHRAs) on styrene-butadiene crumb rubber, the most common infill material used in these installations. Other testing will include heat mapping to determine if the surface holds more or less heat than conventional asphalt, stormwater run-off quality and sound absorption. The performance of the trial road surface will be monitored over the next two years, with testing for cracking, rutting, moisture retention and general durability with the aim of using this asphalt across the City. The trial asphalt recently used to resurface Stanlake Avenue recycled 850 used tyres or the equivalent of tyres from three cars for each house on Stanlake Avenue.Ĭouncil is trialling the crumb rubber asphalt as it offers significant environmental benefits as well as the opportunity to improve the quality and life of road pavements, particularly in areas of reactive clay soils. Crumb rubber asphalt is special in that it replaces some of the bitumen binder with used waste rubber tyres, reducing the amount of fossil fuels derived product required while providing an environmental and waste management benefit. These used rubber tyres are ground down and mixed into the binder of the asphalt road seal. ![]() ![]() While this trial is the first for South Australia, crumb rubber asphalt has been used extensively in the USA and South Africa.Ĭrumb rubber asphalt incorporates ground up rubber tyres that would otherwise go to landfill. Mitcham Council, with support from Tyre Stewardship Australia, recently laid a 335 metre stretch of road with crumb rubber asphalt in Stanlake Avenue, St Marys. The City of Mitcham is trialling an innovative new road surface, crumb rubber asphalt, in Stanlake Avenue, St Marys to improve the quality and life of the road as well as recycling used tyres. ![]() Recycling Old Tyres into a Road in St Marys ![]()
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